AEC

 Name : Dangar Arpisha H.

Paper : Major 5 

Class : S.Y.B.A. ( English )

College:Maharani Shree Nandkunvarba Mahila Arts and Commerce College.

Class Assignment 

📌 Simple Present Tense – Active and Passive Voice

1. Structure

Active Voice: Subject + Verb (s/es) + Object

Passive Voice: Object + is/are/am + Past Participle (V3) + by + Subject

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2. Examples

✅ Active Voice

1. He writes a letter.

Subject = He

Verb = writes

Object = a letter

2. She sings a song.

3. They play cricket.

4. The teacher teaches English.

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✅ Passive Voice

1. A letter is written by him.

Object (a letter) → becomes Subject

is + V3 (written)

by + Subject (him)

2. A song is sung by her.

3. Cricket is played by them.

4. English is taught by the teacher.

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3. Special Cases

If subject is not important/unknown, we often drop "by + subject".

Active: People speak English everywhere.

Passive: English is spoken everywhere. (✔ no need to write "by people")

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4. Formula Table

Voice Formula Example

Active Subject + V1(s/es) + Object He writes a letter.

Passive Object + is/are/am + V3 + (by + subject) A letter is written by him.

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👉 Simple rule to remember:

In Active, subject does the action.

In Passive, subject receives the action.

Home Assignment 

📖 Reading Comprehension Passage

Passage:

Once upon a time, there lived a farmer in a small village. He worked very hard in his fields every day. He grew wheat, rice, and vegetables. The farmer loved his work, but he was often worried because he earned very little money. One day, he found a hen in his garden. The hen laid a golden egg every morning. The farmer became rich and happy. But soon he grew greedy. He thought that there might be many golden eggs inside the hen. So, he killed the hen. Unfortunately, he found nothing inside. The farmer lost his hen and became poor again.

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❓ Questions

1. Where did the farmer live?

2. What did the farmer grow in his fields?

3. Why was the farmer worried?

4. What did the hen lay every morning?

5. Why did the farmer kill the hen?

6. What was the result of killing the hen?

7. What moral lesson can we learn from this story?

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✅ Answers

1. The farmer lived in a small village.

2. He grew wheat, rice, and vegetables.

3. He was worried because he earned very little money.

4. The hen laid a golden egg every morning.

5. The farmer killed the hen because he was greedy and wanted all the eggs at once.

6. He lost the hen and became poor again.

7. The moral is: Greed leads to loss.

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Essay 

✍️ Essay on Pronouns

Introduction

A pronoun is a very important part of speech in the English language. It is a word that is used in place of a noun to avoid repetition. Without pronouns, sentences would become long and confusing. For example, instead of saying “Riya is my friend. Riya is very kind. Riya helps everyone”, we can say “Riya is my friend. She is very kind. She helps everyone.” Here, the word “she” is a pronoun.

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Types of Pronouns

1. Personal Pronouns – Used in place of specific persons or things.

Example: I, you, he, she, it, we, they.

2. Possessive Pronouns – Show ownership or possession.

Example: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs.

3. Reflexive Pronouns – Refer back to the subject.

Example: myself, yourself, himself, herself, themselves.

4. Demonstrative Pronouns – Point out things.

Example: this, that, these, those.

5. Interrogative Pronouns – Used to ask questions.

Example: who, whom, whose, which, what.

6. Relative Pronouns – Join two clauses.

Example: who, whom, whose, which, that.

7. Indefinite Pronouns – Refer to people or things in a general way.

Example: someone, anyone, everybody, none, all.

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Importance of Pronouns

They make sentences shorter and easier.

They avoid unnecessary repetition of nouns.

They help in clear and effective communication.

They give variety and smoothness to language.

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Conclusion

In conclusion, pronouns are a simple but powerful part of speech. They make our sentences more attractive and easy to understand. Without pronouns, language would sound awkward and repetitive. Thus, 

pronouns play an essential role in both spoken and written English.

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