Major 6 Home Assignment

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 Name : Dangar Arpisha H.

 Paper : Major 6 

 Class : S.Y.B.A. ( English )

 College : Maharani Shree Nandkunvarba Mahila Arts and Commerce College.


Home Assignment 

📖  Translation Studies and Digitalization. 





Translation Studies


Translation Studies is an academic field that explores the process, theory, history, and practice of translating texts from one language to another. It covers:


1. Theories of Translation – Different approaches, like literal vs. free translation, equivalence theory, skopos theory, cultural translation, etc.


2. History of Translation – From ancient times (Bible, Greek classics, Sanskrit texts) to modern global communication.


3. Translation as a Process – How translators decode the source text and recode it into the target language.


4. Types of Translation – Literary, technical, legal, scientific, audiovisual, machine translation, etc.


5. Role of Translator – Not only linguistic but also cultural mediator, ensuring meaning, tone, and context are preserved.


So, Translation Studies is both theoretical (understanding how translation works) and practical (training translators).


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Digitalization in Translation


Digitalization has completely changed translation in the 21st century. Earlier, translation was manual, slow, and book-based. Now, technology supports and accelerates it.


Impacts of Digitalization on Translation


1. Machine Translation (MT):


Tools like Google Translate, DeepL, Bing Translator provide instant translations.


They use AI and Neural Networks to improve accuracy.


2. Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) Tools:


Tools like SDL Trados, MemoQ, Wordfast help human translators with translation memory, terminology databases, and consistency.


3. Digital Resources:


Online dictionaries, corpora, and thesauruses help translators work faster.


Example: Oxford Online, Linguee, Merriam-Webster.


4. Audiovisual Translation:


Subtitling, dubbing, voice-over for films, series, and OTT platforms (Netflix, Amazon Prime).


5. Localization:


Adapting software, websites, games, and apps for different languages and cultures.


6. Digital Publishing:


E-books and online articles increase the demand for translated digital content.


7. AI & Neural Machine Translation (NMT):


Advanced AI improves natural-sounding translations.


Example: DeepL often gives better contextual results than older tools.


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Connection Between Translation Studies & Digitalization


Academics: Scholars now study how digital tools impact translation strategies.


Practice: Translators use digital tools daily, balancing speed with quality.


Globalization: Businesses rely on digital translation for international communication.


Future: AI may assist, but human translators will remain vital for nuance, culture, and creativity.


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✨ In short:

Translation Studies = study of theory and practice of translation.

Digitalization = modern tools (AI, CAT, online resources) transforming translation.

Together, they create a fast, global, and technology-driven translation industry.


📚 APA References for Translation Studies


Bassnett, S. (2013). Translation studies (4th ed.). Routledge.


Venuti, L. (2008). The translator’s invisibility: A history of translation (2nd ed.). Routledge.


Nida, E. A., & Taber, C. R. (1969). The theory and practice of translation. Brill.


Munday, J. (2022). Introducing translation studies: Theories and applications (5th ed.). Routledge.


Baker, M. (2018). In other words: A coursebook on translation (3rd ed.). Routledge.


🌐 APA References for Digitalization in Translation


Kenny, D., & Santaemilia, S. (Eds.). (2020). The Routledge handbook of translation and technology. Routledge.


Bowker, L. (2002). Computer-aided translation technology: A practical introduction. University of Ottawa Press.


O’Hagan, M., & Ashworth, D. (2002). Translation-mediated communication in a digital world: Facing the challenges of globalization and localization. Multilingual Matters.


Carl, M., Bangalore, S., & Schaeffer, M. (Eds.). (2011). Post-editing of machine translation: Processes and applications. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.


Hutchins, W. J. (2014). Machine translation: History and perspectives. In J. House (Ed.), Translation: A multidisciplinary approach (pp. 169-184). Palgrave Macmillan.

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